Match



Apr.

MATCH Sheets-Sheet I Filed Nov. 2, .1921

Apro 24, mm

J. G. NEWMAN MATCH Filqad Nov. 2, 1921 Apr. 24,, 1923..

MATCH Filed Nov. 2,1921

li ntertteill i tpri at We 1 ita tin sou'rn: warns, nns'rnama.

application filed November 2, 1921. lterial lilo. 512,36Q.

To all so from it may concern Be it known that L lonn Gram liEWMAN, subject of the lliing ot Great Britain and ltreland, residing'at a0 Jet-trey Sll-1"66b,liili.lsons Point, North Sydney, llew South "Wales, Australia, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Matches, of which the tollowing is a specilication.

The present invention relates to matches whichare headed with a trictionally ignit able substance and have "for their stems or body portions strips of stout paper, thin slivers or veneers of wood, or like strips oli other inflammable material. According to the present invention, such match bodies are headed on one side only, and the heading composition is extended from edge to edge of the strip, and is crowned to form a strilringplace of limited area, and it is also preferably brought up to the top edge o't'the strip.

The matches are manufactured by applying the heading composition to a continuous ribbon of body material and subsequently slitting this ribbon transversely to term the individual strip matches, leaving an uncut stub to facilltate binding of cards oi? matches in a satchet from which individual matches may be detached as required.

The feature of the crowning oi. the striking surfacing of the match may be embodied in any one oi a variety of ways. The crown may be in the form of a protuberance in the heading, obtained. by upwardly embossing the body substance of the match below the head, or by applying a spot of heading or priming substance upon the headproper; or by so applying the heading composition that it will have a ridge upon it, or by notching the top edge oi the match body and tipping the points.

lit the heading substance were applied to the match as a substantially flat surfacing only, it would not be readily ignitable by trictionally striking it on a strikerrubber unless it werecomposed of a mixture which will flash explosively and burn out before it has set the body ofthe match alight. But when a striking crown or point is provided, a slow burning heading mixture may be used, as the relatively high heat intensity engendered by the friction of the point or crown on the striker rubber-in the act of striking the match will procure ignition which thereafter will extend with appropriate slowness through the mass of the heading material and procure eil'ective lighting of the match body. But in order to ensure ef- :tective lighting of the match body it is further highly desirable that the surfacing of heading material shall extend to the edges of the strip of body substance; ignition of paper or wood body material cannotbe readily procured unless the starting flame is applied to the edge portions or. ita much larger and intenser starting flame is required to ignite paper or wood strip it the flame beapplied onlyto its fiat surface and not applied to the edges of it.

l Vhen the heading mixture is applied to a prepared strip or paper or wood veneer so as re extend from edge to edge of each match head and is crowned, a relatively poor grade of striking mixture may be used without uncertainty as to the striking and lighting qualities of the match, and with certainty that the match will not ignite explosively when struck, or the head flash out before the. stem has become effectively lighted. And as by my method ofmauu'l acture the crowned heading composition is applied as a continuous streak on an endless ribbon oi. stem material by means of very simple mechanical devices, and as the ribbon thereatter is transversely slit to term stems oil? individual matches by an entirely automatic mechanical device associated therewith. it is practicable to manufacture matches thereby with great rapidity, and at extremely low cost, and to ensure an uniform product oi good quality. The inven tion includes mechanical means and process whereby matches oi? the type described may be manufactured economically but i Wish it to be understood that the particular structure of the apparatus hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings is not essential for the satisfactory manufacture of matches according to the invention, as other mechanical devices may be used in substitution therefor for applying a streak of heading composition to the ribbon of body material, for embossing the body material or spotting it to procurethe crowning effect, and for drying, slitting, impregnating, greasing, and packing the matches.

The heading composition used is prepared according to any proved formula--of which many are knownfor the heading of safety match splints, and similarly the rubber composition is made according to any proved formula for safety match rub bers. The body material of the matches is also impregnated with a known solution commonly used in match manufacture for procuring theember quenching effect when the flame is extinguished, and it is also treated according to existing match making practice with paraflin wax or like greasy niaterial for augmenting its burning quality and proofing it against injury by damp.

In the accompanying drawings explanatory of the process and of the structure of the matches, Figs. 1, 1 1 1 and 1 read serially and form in effect one figure showing the complete apparatus in longitudinal sectional elevation, the portion shown in Fig. 1 being however shown perspectively to facilitate explanation;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a slitted card of matches ready for binding in a satchet or similarly;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of several cards of matches bound in a satehet;

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation through the machine for crowning the match heads by spotting them;

Figs. 5 to 12 are perspective sectional elevational views of various forms of matches within the invention; and

Figs. 13 to 17 are sectionaL views of matches during course of manufacture, these figures being related by direction lines to the place respectively where they belong in the machine.

A stock ribbon of heavy paper or thin wood sliver 20 is wound on a stock reel 21 and said reel is fitted with usual means for braking its rotation so as to maintain the ribbon 20 under slight tension whilst being drawn off the reel. 22 is a rider roller sustained on an arm 23 supported by a spring 24: to hold the uncoiling ribbon 20 up towards the drum so as to prevent loosening of the ribbon in the uncoiling process. The ribbon passes between the carrier andjockey rollers at 25 over a table 26. Below a cavity 27 in this table a pin drum 28 is mounted on an horizontal shaft 29. This drum is driven by a belt diagrammatically indicated by the dotted line 30, said belt being in turn driven by any appropriate motive power.

The direction of rotation of the pin drum 28 is shown by the arrow thereon. Near each end of the roller, pin teeth 31 on its periphery, project above the surface level of the table 26. An embossing roller 32 is mounted above the table 26 parallel with and in vertical relation to the pin drum 28 and spur-geared thereto. On its periphery small pockets 33 are formed to register with the pin teeth 31. The axle of the roller 32 is carried in a riding yoke 34 which is held down by a spring 35, 36 being a screw for regulating the tension of the spring 35. The stock ribbon 20 in passing between the rollers 28 and 32 is embossed near each of its edges; the pin teeth 31 forcing up the material into the pockets 33 in the roller 32 so that when the ribbon 20 has passed said rollers it appears as shown in the latter part of the figure and in Fig. 13 with embossments 43 14 upwardly disposed thereon.

Shortly after passing the embossing rollers 2832 the strip passes under the hopper 38. This hopper is provided with a steam jacket 39 having suitable steam and exhaust pipe connections thereinto, and at the foot it is provided with a throat valve 40. The valve 40 controls the area of the orifice at the foot of the hopper 38. all are stirrers driven by gearing 12 for maintaining the composition mixture uniform in density. The heading composition, which is a viscous fluid mixture, is charged into the hopper 38 and maintained in a warm condition by the steam jacket, and as the ribbon 20 passes under the mouth of the hopper below the valve 450, heading composition flows onto the ribbon 20 near one edge of' it. This streak of heading composition is contained between two fences, one of which is a. ledge on the table bed against which one edge of the ribbon runs, and the other, 1-9, is located at the other side of the hopper foot and sets close down on the top surface of the ribbon 20. An adjustable sweep gauge or strickler gate 50 is fitted at the front end of the hopper foot; it functions to set the thickness and to determine by its shape the cross section of the streak of heading composition which is deposited on the ribbon 20 from the hopper foot.

A section of the ribbon after it passes under the hopper 38 is shown in Fig. 14, where it will be seen astreak 46 of heading composition is applied immediately over the line of embossments -13, extending from. a little below said embossments to the edge 47 of the strip 20, (this edge forming the top end of the finished match at the conclusion of the manufacture.) The next section (Fig. 15) shows the streak 46 lying fiat be lltl lll'

ati

till

tween thefembossments but projecting; above the liat level where it overlies the enibossanents. 51 is the crown of the surfacing which is produced by the spreading of the surfacing composition over the embossments d3.

59, is a drying oven, the temperature of which is maintained by gas tires 53 in a jacket chamber 54: enclosing the drying chamber 55. Tu the course of the ribbon through the drying chamber 55 the streak of surtacing 46 upon it is dried out and set.

Upon passing out of the oven chamber 55, the ribbon 20 is held down to the table 96 by a jockey roller 56 carried by a spring loaded arm 57. The surtaced strip thence passes through the warring' mz'ichine. This n'iachine contains two troughs 59 and i l-(l in which parallin wan or other suitable greasy impregnating material is contained. (50 are burners set below these troughs "tomaintain the wax in a warm. lluid condition. A roller 61 covered with telt lid is mounted on a driven spindle 63 and runs in the molten was: in the trough 59. Ji l roller 14-1 is geared to the roller 61 and is carried on floating bearings so as to bear its weight towards the roller 61. tlver the roller 1-l1 passesa continuous cloth or tape belt 142; this belt runs over guide rollers 14%., and Over a dipper roller 'llt, which like the roller til is mounted for tree rotation to work in the molten war; in the trough 140, The belt 142 and the taco oi the roller 61 grip the paper strip gently but su'lhciently ti phtly to draw it along the table when the rollers are rotated. lln passing between the roller (51 and the belt 1 l2 the paper strip coated with. a thin lilm of want on both sides of it torthe desired width between the two rows of embossinents t8, er, and approaching the embossn'ients 4:3. The ribbon position. determined by the sprocket drive the drive applied by the roller (31. and belt 142 being; a slipping drive. Tn an enapg prorated section the surtaces ot waxy ma terial applied to the strip 20 are shown at ($7 in Fig. 16. lleyond the trough 59., the strip 20 is drawn along the table 26 by the sprocket rollers 68. the jockey roller 69 which is carried in floating bearings serving,

to hold the strip 20 in working contact therewith. Two rows of sprockets 70 on the roller (58 engage the embossments (l3 and t l.- respectively. The headed portion oi? the strip 20 is not crushed or deformed at any stage in the process the jockey roller being; finished to otter the necessary clearance. El. regular continuous teed oi the ribbon is thus maintained through the machine.

The sprocket roller 68 is timed so that through it. progressive motion at the same rate as before is applied to the ribbon 520. Fig. 17 shows the section oi? the ribbon it appears atter 'iassing the rollers title-69,

and it will. be observed. that at this point the surfacing o'l wany material ll? is not shown in th view, tor the reason that the waxy material has become absorbed into the body of the paper or wood constituting the ribbon, the absorption being facilitated by the warm condition ol' the ribbon 20 which it preserves tor some time after leaving the drying chamher 553. Finally the ribbon 20 passing between the beam roller 73 and the spring loaded jockey roller it above the same passes onto a stock drum 75, this drum being driven through a. lightly slipping clutch which applies drive to it so that the strip 20 is held in very light tension insu'llicient to cause any injury to the headed portion of it when the convolutions are wound one over the other shown at The finished stock ribbon as woi'uid on the stoclr roller 75 is retained on that roller preferably for several hours for setting" or ageing purposes, before slitting and packing.

ll rom the stoclr drum T5 the ribbon 20 comes to the table "l'l'. The ribbon is shown brolren short in order to facilitate explanation. From the tabl 77 the ribbon passes under the rubber faced joclrey roller 78. This roller is in floating bearings one ot which is pivotally carried in its mounting; at 79 whilst the other is .tLlTlQLl in a lorlr guide lit), a spring 81 being provided to prevent accidental vibration of the roller in worln The bearing ar angement described has been devised in order that the roller may be tipped upward to otter access to the strip passin below it to facilitate adjustment and inspection. The faces of two sprocket rollers and project up through slots in the table ii, the sprocket centering and being: identical with the teethingon the wheels previously described. The sprocket wheels 8:? and 83 are mounted through a triotion clutch on a driv spindle 84., 85 being; a spring}; tor adjusting the clutch tension. lnterinittent rotation applied to the spindle ti l by a pawl coacting with a detent wheel T51 fixed on it, said pawl being carried on a. rock arm which is connected by a linlr 153 to an oscillating; beam 1534-. Un its power end this beam titted with a cam strilrer 155,, 156 being): a screw adjustment therefor. it com 1557 on the shalt 15d coacts with the striker to apply an oscillation the beam 1:34: and consequently a one tooth advance movement to the sprocket roll crs (BEL-d3 for each rotation of the shaft 158. The shatt 158 is driven as by a belt 159, and is aired to a tin'iing disc 160 and Cl'."1i an eccentric ltll through which a. plunger '1 '3 operated. The plunger 162 acts under an arm 163 which linlr geared to a gu llotine lrnil c 16 1: 165 being a pull spring acting to draw said knife down to cut the strip it passes the back edge 166 of the table 77, and 1.68 bci, an adjustable tensioning dcvice by which th guillotine blade is caused to bear with the desired degree of pressure against the table edge to ensure clean cutting of the strip. A check 169 on the arm 163 contacts with the periphery of the timing disc 160 near the bottom of the stroke of the plunger 162 th parts being proportioned so that the guillotine knife movement is thus arrested at part stroke except when the gap 170 is in contact relation, when full stroke is permitted. In the part strokes the strip is slitted with the appropriate numbers of partings and at the full stroke the slitted lengths are cut oif, in fives, sixes, sevens or other convenient units as desired, as shown in Fig. 2. The slits do not extend the whole width of the strip, but leave a selvedge 94 to form a binding stub. A pack of the cards shown in Fig. 2 may be conveniently bound in a satchet holder as shown in Fig. 3, this holder being constructed of heavy paper or light pasteboard or wood sliver with a cover fold 95 adapted to slip in below the lip edge 96 which forms a loose hold-fast for it. 97 is a surfacing of striking rubber material applied to the back of the satchet. The embossments 44 may be rolled out in the final steps of the process so as to leave the lower parts of the match stems quite flat as they are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. In the satchet the matches appear as shown in Fig. 3; they may be readily torn out from the pack and used individually. It will be noted that the embossments of the matches register with the embossments of matches set in front of them. As the waxy or greasy surfaced material permeates the body of the ribbon when absorbed into it so as to extend right up to the tip ends of the matches, it acts to waterproof the heads and thereby protect them against damp, and as the backs of the match strips are thus waxy they are lubricated to a slight ex tent, and therefore do not cause mechanical injury to the crownings or surfaces of the matches underlying them in the satchet (Fig. 3) and risk of accidental ignition is minimized.

The embossings 44 may correspond in centering with the crowning embossings 48 or they may be alternated therewith. They serve the double purpose of providing a gripping means for the feed mechanism and for uniforming a slight extension in length along one side and consequent curvatu re which the strip 20 would sufler if the embossments were applied along one edge of it only on the line 43.

In Fig. 1 is shown a receiving carrier tray 98 located beyond the end 166 of the table 77 into which the cards 87 containing 10 matches, or any other number, (as shown in Fig. 2), are delivered. The tray 98 which is moved intermittently by any suitable mechanism driven in timed relation with the guillotine 164 serves to discharge 7 cards of matches to the packers. Obviously by altering the timing relation any other desired number of cards 87, of matches may be delivered in bunches, thus 5, 6, 8, 10 or any other number.

The process which has been thus described is the process which we find eiiective in practice. It produces matches constituted of a body or stem portion consisting of a flexible strip detachable by tearing from a card (Fig. 2) conveniently packed in a receptacle such as a satchet (Fig. The appearance of these matches is as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. 46 represents the streak of heading composition and 51 the crown portion thereof, the crowning being in this case eiiected by embossing the stock ribbon upwardly near its top end side during the course of the manufacture. It will be further observed that the streak of heading material extends completely across the top end of each match strip, but at one side of the strip only, so that when the heading material is ignited, flame will extend to the lateral edges of the match stem and to the top edge of it, and it will be thus ensured that the stem portion of the match will be effectively lighted. Furthermore, as has been already explained, the heading composition may be a low grade product because the body portion 46 of it is required only to burn without flashing, the crowned portion 51 being depended upon to start the flame, which it readily does when it is applied to the striking rubber in the usual way, because the friction acting on the crown or point 51 is sufiiciently intense to initiate combustion, and combustion once initiated spreads freely in the mass of the surfacing 46, which otherwise would resist efforts to ignite it, and if ignited except through a starting point from which ignition extends gradually, the ignition would be sudden and of a flashing order, so that the heading material would in that case burn out rapidly and the match stem would not be ignited with certainty, and the match would have only low utility.

Obviously other methods of manufacturing matches embodying precisely the same principle are within the scope of the invention. Thus, for instance, the igniting 'streak may be applied to the ribbon so as not to extend to the top edge of same and the crowning may be effected by spotting, or the streak may be carried to the top edge of the ribbon.

In Fig. 5 is shown a fragmentary sectional view of a match ribbon in which the heading streak 100 does not extend to the top edge 101 of the ribbon 102. At intervals, spots 103 of heading composition are applied after the streak 100 is set. The ribbon 102 is fed through the apparatus during the process by sprockets engaging in embossments such as intense 10d and 105 which are termed in the strip during the process o'l manufacture in the manner already described.

Tn l ig. (i shown a similar view where the streak 106 is carried up to the top edgre 10L oil the ribbon 102, and the crowniinrn spots 10'?" are applied upon the streat: res alter drying has taken ace.

in li ig. an alternative method o'l eniboss lag the surfacing to crown it is disclosed. lln this case the stock ribbon is spotted with any material to form nodules 130 at regular intervals. These nodules serve the same purpose as the embossinents l?) shown in earlier lirrures .ll'iter this preliinina spotting the stool: ribbon is passed through the process ot manufacture already described in which heading; material is spread in a suritacinp; strealr 131 along one side o't it, material, as explained with li'efdli'ldlliifi to l igs. 2 and 3, lorini giprotuberanc sabove the nodules 130 to term the crownings 132 on which dependence is placed for ensuring initial ignition in striking. lit the spotting material contains a vaporizing-1; or burning substance havingdeodorant, perhuning, or other qualities, matches so made may be utilised for deodorizing, per-turning, or other such purposes.

lln Fig. 8 is siown anarrangement which is not by any means desirable but which is still possible in use. in this arrangement a the stem ribbon 10d is embossed in the manner before described, and heading; material is applied upon one line oi? the embossmcnts to form crowns 109 with rimmed portions 133 which do not spread to the side edges oil.

theiinished match. 'llhis arrangement is oh jectionable :tor the reason that whilst striking is li'acilitated by the crowning, ignition or the stem portion ot the match is ditlt cult because the Q l heading; material does not extend to the match edges.

Tn his. 9 an arrangement is shown corresponding with the arrarurement shown in Fig. 5, except that the spots 103 are in this case shown as prism shaped spots 110 applied over the streak 111 of heading); ma terial.

Tn Fig. 10 the spotting is omitted, but the streak of heading, material is applied so as to leave the top edge portion 113 stand ing up above the general sin-"lace 114 oil the streak. This ridge 113 forms in effect a continuous edge which is equivalent; to an embossed or spotted crowning and serves the like purpose of facilitating}; the initiation oil ignition by frictional contact of the match on the striker rubber. Matches headed in this way are usually only satisfactory in use when strucir on. the side edge portion; otherwise there is a rislt of flashing.

Tn Figs. 11 and 12, views are shown oft matches made accordinn; to this invention lrom wood slivers. The essential feature is here again the crowning oil a surfacing oi heading material which is applied to one side only oi the match strip. The embossment of wood slivers in the manner already described with reference to 1 to 1 is not practicable unless the edge of the ribbon o'l wood is first covered with a strip of paper. This is shown. at 13 t, l ig. 11. This paper strip is applied in a preparatory stage of treatment by any convenient means, the paper being glued to the wood. It is found that when slivers carrying paper reinforcement are submitted to the embossing operation already described the embossments remain. much as they do in the case of matches made 0t heavy paper, and a similar result is obtained, the matches produced corresponding with those illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. .ln effect, this term of match is identical with the preferred form Figs. 2 and 3 ein'ept that the strips are wood backed. Wood sliver matches may be made by the streaking and spotting methods described without requiring the application oi. a paper strip 184i. Tt will, however, be almost invariably more economical to pro du re matches according to'any of these methods utilizing heavy paper :tor the stem or body portion.

An alternative ntiethod oi producing wood sliver matches may, however, be practised to procure a match strip 112 ready for cross slitting, as shown in l ig. The engrrailcd edged wood ribbon is now headed with a streak no of heading: composition in the manner before described. This eomposition when applied tends to spread upwards on the salient portions oi the ends as shown at 116. Finally the tips are spotted as shown. at 117. This SPOttlinQ does not extend over the baclr o he matcln in all cases it is desirable that the reverse side of the match should be clear oi any igniting material. lltherwir i there would be a risk oil burning the lingers oi. the user in the strikinn operation.

The means for applying the spotting superposed upon the streal: or lit-Fading;- material are not material, but a convenient ma chine for performing this operation is indicated in ll igr. 4t. hitter leaving the oven 52, the ribbon 20 passing over the table 26, goes below the hopper 120. This hopper is steam jacketed. and provided with a plunger 122 adapted to reciprocate in the conical throat hole 123 in the bottom oft the hopper. is a cut-oil plate for closingthe exit hole The top end of the plunger 122 is carried in a bearing; 125 and is armed with a lilft spring; 126 to hold it up to the cam 12?. 128 is a regulating; check which is set to determine the range of movement of the plunger 122. The cam 12? is driven by a belt indicated at 129, and functions to apply reciprocation to the plunger 122 in tim mg with the feed mechanism, so that the lill] plunger makes a reciprocation for each spot ting required. As the plunger reciprocates in the hopper hole 123, it ejects a spot of the heading material and applies same to the ribbon passing below, so that the spot, according to the place of its application, appears as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. By altering the shape of the plunger point and the hole 128 the shape of the spotting is determined.

WVhat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 2- 1. A match having a stem constructed of a strip of stout paper or thin wood veneer, and having slow burning igniting composi tion applied on one side only of said strip with a protuberance in said composition forming an ignitable striking face of small area.

2. A match whereof the body is constituted of a strip of stout paper or wood veneer impregnated with ember quenching material and treated with wax and the head is constituted of a crowned surfacing of striking material applied on one side only of said strip.

3. A match having a crowned surfacing of striking material on one side only of a strip of stout paper or wood veneer which forms the match body, said surfacing extending across said strip from edge to edge thereof.

4. A match having a surfacing of striking material on one side only of a strip of inflammable material which forms the match body, said surfacing extending from edge to edge of said strip across a protuberance thereon.

5. A match having a surfacing of frictionally ignitable striking material on one side only of a strip of wood veneer which forms the match body with a paper backing underlying said surfacing, said backed strip being embossed, and said surfacing covering the embossment and extending therefrom to either edge of said strip.

6. A match consisting of a taper headed strip of wood veneer having striking material covering one side only of the head portion of the strip and extending from edge to edge of the strip and spotted on the taper tip with frictionally ignitable material.

7. A match having its body constructed of stout paper with frictional striker surfacing on one side only of said strip extending from edge to edge thereof and having a protuberance of frictionally ignitable material upon said surfacing.

8. A match consisting of a strip-like body portion having one end embossed to form a head and ignitible composition pressed on said embossed head.

9. A match including a strip-like body portion composed of a stem and a head, the head being embossed to form a protuberance on one face only, and an ignitible composition covering said embossment.

10. A match having a stem constructed of a strip of stout paper and having slow burning igniting composition applied on only one side of said strip with a protuberance in said composition forming an ignitible striking face of small area, said strip being embossed to form said protuberance.

11. A match formed from a strip of inflammable material including a stem and a head having an embossment on one face, a surfacing of striking material on one side only of the strip, said surfacing material covering said embossment and extending from edge to edge of said strip and tipped with a spot of frictionally ignitible material.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JOHN GLEN NEWMAN. 

